Divine Intervention Athenas Role in The Odyssey Essay

Divine intervention is often an integral part of ancient epic poetry as seen in Homers The Odyssey. The role of the goddess Athena was an essential part of Odysseuss journey back to Ithaka. Athena also played a vital part in Telemakhoss life before the return of his father. Even Penelope is impacted by the help of the grey-eyed goddess, often inspiring Penelope to hold off the suitors as well as putting her to sleep when a situation became too difficult. Athena demonstrates that she is a critical component of development within the father Odysseus and his son Telemakhos as well as guiding Penelope as a beautiful mother waiting for the return of her husband. In The Odyssey, Athena has an extensive and caring relationship with†¦show more content†¦As Athena guides him to the palace, she warns him about what he must avoid in order to be safe in that neighborhood. She also slips in some advice that he may use in his future endeavors to get home, asserting that a cheerful man does best in every enterprise-even a stranger. The reader is again reminded of the incredible relationship between Athena and Odysseus in book VIII when Odysseus is speaking with Demodokos about the battle of Troy and Odysseus asks him to shift [his] theme, and sing that wooden horse Epeios built, inspired by Athena. As the minstrel recalls how Odysseus came like Ares to the door of Deiphobos, with Menolaos, and bred the desperate fight there- conquering once more by Athenas power the victory at Troy is again attributed to Athenas role in facilitating Odysseus in the victory. When Athena leads Odysseus back to an Ithaka that he no longer recognizes, she again poured a grey mist all around him because she wanted him to be incognito while she informed him of the situation of the suitors and until the suitors paid up for their crimes. She wanted to protect him from the people who would suffer for his return until a plan had been formulated to seek revenge. Athena also disguises herself as a sheperd boy and talks with Odysseus. However, sheShow MoreRelatedAthena, The Goddess Of Wisdom And Strategy965 Words   |  4 PagesAthena, the goddess of wisdom and strategy, plays an intriguing role throughout The Odyssey. An example of this role is specifically shown in Book 19, as she is present with Odysseus and Telemachus in the halls. In this scene, Athena is shown holding a golden lamp in front of Telemachus and Odysseus as they walk the halls. Odysseus is able to see Athena is holding the lamp. However, Telemachus cannot see her and is bedazzled by the gol den radiance and glow. As Homer states, Odysseus and his princelyRead MoreDivine intervention dealing with Greek myths, especially The Odyssey and The Iliad.1474 Words   |  6 PagesDivine intervention is a feature of ancient Greek literature. One is amazed and even dumbfounded by the magical myths so frequently referred to. In Greek literature, the gods play an immense role in the lives and fates of the mortal dwellers of the earth. As one examines the gods throughout the myths and epic poems of the Greeks, one recieves a strong impression that the gods play with and manipulate mortals and each other. One goddess who exemplifies this is the great goddess Athena. This daughterRead More Women of the Odyssey Essays1488 Words   |  6 PagesWomen of the Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people regard Homer’s epics as war stories—stories about men; those people often overlook the important roles that women play in the Odyssey. While there are not many female characters in the Odyssey, the few that there are, play pivotal roles in the story and one can gain a lot of insight by analyzing how those women are portrayed. Homer portrays the females in contradictory ways: the characters of Athena and Eurykleia are given strong, admirable roles while MelanthoRead MoreEssay on The Odyssey Disguise To Find True Identity1225 Words   |  5 PagesThe Odyssey Disguise To Find True Identity Disguise To Find True Identity The Odyssey is an epic that shapes and defines the roles of many great leaders. These leaders are made up of mortals, alive and dead, and immortals. The trip taken by Odysseus is not only a journey of a war hero back to his homeland, but is a journey in all of the characters lives, which develop a better sense of personal identity and selfhood as the epic goes on. It is the many disguises that each character usesRead MoreOdysseus, An Unconventional Hero Depicted in The Odyssey Essay1935 Words   |  8 Pages be a hired hand back on earth†¦, | Than lord it over all these withered dead†(Odyssey 11.510-512). Achilles’ statement appears to solidify Odysseus’s determination to live and enhance Odysseus’s right decision for not following the heroic conduct. Nevertheless, Odysseus is the most reputable hero among the Achaeans in Ithaca. He is thus the representative of an unconventional hero. In the Odyssey, a hero is perhaps one who undergoes life with anguish and suffering but managesRead MoreHeroes Are Rare For A Reason1868 Words   |  8 Pagesthat arguably defines the idea of epics in the minds of the Western world. To emerge victorious in their endeavors, these figures wielded arsenals of strong qualities to turn the tides of their unbelievable stories in their favor. In Homer’s The Odyssey, it is undying tenacity, effortless cunning and tempered humility that enable Odysseus to survive his perilous quest, to overcome all adversities to return to his homeland safely and regain his status as king of Ithaca. For a man destined for a decade-longRead More Divine Intervention in Homers Epic Poem, The Iliad Essay2024 Words   |  9 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚   The gods and goddesses that the Greek people believe in make up the Greek mythology studied today.   These divine characters represent a family living on Mount Olympus who intervene frequently in the lives of the human characters in Greek plays.   They are omnipresent, for they are always observing mans actions and working through human nature.   The gods are a higher power, and provide explanations for otherwise unexplainable events.   The gods help humans in troubleRead MoreOdesseus and Gilgamesh Essay1859 Words   |  8 Pagesmythological work is of â€Å"Homers Odyssey† and the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh† with major emphasis on the tentative issue of â€Å"heroism†. Odysseus belonged to mainland Europe and Gilgamesh Epic is Middle Eastern work with Gilgamesh’s tale having been written on twelve tablets of clay. Both these tales are folklore and are considered an Epic which means a saga, Heroic Poem, narrative or Legend. A frenzy of events takes place including achievements and prominent individuals playing their roles in the course of historyRead MoreHeroic Man Versus The Flawed Gods Essay2288 Words   |  10 PagesHeroic Man Versus the Flawed Gods in Homer’s Odyssey Homer’s Odyssey is one of the great epic poems of Western literature and explores a variety of profound themes. Critical among these themes is man’s relationship with the gods and how this relationship frames his path through life in pursuit of ancient Greek heroic ideals. This report introduces and explains these ideals and then explores how Odysseus’s adventures throughout the Odyssey fit with them. It will be demonstrated that although OdysseusRead MoreDisguise, And Its Implications1927 Words   |  8 Pages1 October 2014 Disguise, and its Implications Throughout Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey we encounter a homecoming journey for a once beloved King of Ithaca. This king was Odysseus, a warrior, a leader of men, a father, and a husband. A man of many roles you can say, but arguably his most important, was played in disguise with the help of contributions from Athena, daughter of Zeus. Athena is portrayed in many roles and also many disguises, but most importantly she serves as a mentor to both Odysseus

Ajax Digital Information Code of Ethics Essay - 1404 Words

Ajax Digital Information Code of Ethics Not sharing name South University ITS1103 Ethics Information Technology August,13,2013 ADI Ajax Digital Information Code of Ethics We at Ajax Digital Information take pride in the professional appearance and actions of our employees. This is why we expect each one of our employees to uphold the highest moral standards while working at our establishment or accessing company data. Ajax Digital Information recognizes the threat of unethical activities to our establishment, and have created as set of mandatory guidelines. Here at ADI we plan to uphold the highest standards of business by providing professional, quality interactions with our customers and fellow†¦show more content†¦Only company e-mail shall be accessed and may only be used for ADI related purposes. 6. If at any point in time you witness/receive a questionable e-mail, you must contact upper management immediately. Section 4:- Guidelines for Preventing and Protecting against Viruses other forms of Malware. 1. Avoid all content that isnt related to ADI, I.E content of graphic/pornographic nature or content demeaning anyone in any manner. 2. Use all information for ADI purposes and not for unauthorized, unethical or illegal purposes. 3. Do not alter ADI software/hardware in anyway 4. Do not attempt to gain access to any other employees information and respect all employees privacy. 5. You must not use any outside software or device on ADI computer 6. Anti-Virus/Malware software shall be provided to each workstation accessing any ADI related material and should not be alter in any way. 7. All material containing suspicious content will be blocked/removed by server anti-virus software. 8. No personal security measure may be taken unless authorized by upper management. I.E Personal anti-virus program. 9. Anything suspicious should be reported to management immediately. Section 5:- Guidelines for usage of licensed software, shareware, and software piracy 1. Licensed Software †¢ All Software must be installed by a certified ADI staff member and should not attempt to be installed by any other employee. †¢ All Software must be approved byShow MoreRelatedConsumer Attitude Towards Mobile Shopping1265 Words   |  6 Pagesambitions of becoming a multichannel international retailer.† http://www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/downloads/MarksandSpencerCaseStudy.pdf With online presence being a large part of today’s businesses, MS is no exception in joining the digital world. Marks and Spencer’s mobile technology is so big that the mobile and tablet users of MS have been increasing each year and the â€Å"MS’s mobile sales were growing at a rate of 70% annually.† http://www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/files/downloads/MarksandSpencerCaseStudyRead MoreDevelopment of Web 2.0 and Social Media2838 Words   |  11 Pagesfocused on giving people the ability to collaborate and share information online. The transition from the old static web pages to the more dynamic and interactive web pages are what are referred to as web 2.0, this websites are well organized and are geared towards delivering of web applications to the users. Web 2.0 brings other improved functionalities like open communication emphasizing on web communities of users and open sharing information with each other. Web 2.0 has become more synonymous as aRead MoreIntro to Information Systems11970 Words   |  48 Pagestechnology to help people perform their tasks related to information processing. 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B)Read MoreColgate Palmolive: Marketing Strategies and Programs5256 Words   |  22 Pagessoap: Protex, Palmolive * shower liquid: Protex, Palmolive * Liquid hand soap : Protex, Palmolive iii. Home care products are such as: * Fabric wash: Dynamo * Fabric softener: Softlan * Dish wash: Axion, Glo * Liquid cleaners: Ajax, Fabuloso iv. Pet nutrition products: Under its Hills brand, Colgate is also a manufacturer of veterinary products. Hill‘s markets pet foods primarily lies within two trademarks: Science Diet, which is sold by authorized pet supply retailers andRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesaccountability. The advent of social networking and other media has transformed the way citizens interact and how businesses market, promote, and distribute their products globally. The same can be said for mass collaboration efforts occurring through digital, online technology for the development of new and innovative systems, products, and ideas. Both social networking and mass collaboration bring new power and influence to individuals across borders and transform the nature of their relationships withRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 PagesNBA (National Basketball Associat ion) players get. Literature Review: Article 1: †¢ Title: â€Å"Toy for Boys? Women’s marginalization and Participation as Digital Gamers† by Garry Crawford and Victoria Gosling †¢ Connection to research problem: In this article, the authors suggest that women do not play video games (digital games) as much as men do and that this is mainly because the gaming industry views the concept of video games as belonging to men. This is connected to the researchRead MoreCloud Computing Security67046 Words   |  269 Pagesschedule are located at: http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/ In another change from the second version, there are some updated domain names. We have these changes: Domain 3: Legal Issues: Contracts and Electronic Discovery and Domain 5: Information Management and Data Security. We now have added another domain, which is Domain 14: Security as a Service.  © 2011 Cloud Security Alliance. All rights reserved. You may download, store, display on your computer, view, print, and link to the CloudRead MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 PagesCHAPTER 1 ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN OVERVIEW SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1.1 The value of information is the difference between the benefits realized from using that information and the costs of producing it. 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Nostalgia in Advertising Free Essays

As consumers the advertisements we view daily have increased tremendously. From the Internet, to mobile, to video advertising; the World Wide Web is taking over. Consumer behavior is based on a large variety of details and cannot be simply described in one word. We will write a custom essay sample on Nostalgia in Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are a variety of approaches to reaching consumers in the advertising of a product. As humans we all have a bittersweet longing for things, persons, or situations of the past. This statement simply defines nostalgia. Marketers and Advertisers use nostalgic advertising to connect with their consumers. The use of nostalgia as an advertising approach has been pushed by numerous trade publications as an extremely effective and persuasive advertising tactic. Advertisers connect their brands by using words, pictures, music or scenes with a by-gone era to remind viewers of their promotions. With this, they hope these nostalgic feelings can reminds consumers in a positive way and affect their attitudes and buying behaviors. A variety of marketing research studies do show that the use of nostalgia in advertising does stimulate attention, is entertaining, is persuasive, and reminds nostalgic reflections in consumers. Not only do the ads create positive emotions, consumers recall mental images of former situations and experiences. In comparison studies, nostalgic advertising induces more positive emotions and more intensive mental images than non-nostalgic advertisements. (http://dmn3. com/_blog/DMN3_Blog/post/hh/) The combination of emotions and images brought to the consumer’s attention by the ad generates a positive resonance toward both the ad and the product being advertised. Nostalgic advertising has been a common trend in companies, and it appears to be a popular theme during economically troubling times. When the recession began in 2008, and continued to take a toll on the economy marketers used the approach of tapping into fond memories to help sell what few products shoppers were still buying. In using this tactic the hope is that warm, fuzzy feelings about the past will help make people feel better about the present and future. Reviving vintage slogans and jingles as well as package designs, bringing back familiar products and menu items to stores and restaurants and bringing back moments from pop culture are certain ways companies have approached nostalgic advertising. The merchants of nostalgia nd these tactics include well known company names like Coca-Cola, General Mills, McDonalds, MillerCoors, Target, Unilever, and Toys ‘R’ Us. These companies have such a history of advertising, that sometimes the best way to reach out to a consumer is to give them a little reminder of what they were missing. Advertisers and marketers have to remember that as times are changing the generation they previously reached is getting older, however they still remember those moments that touched them as children. Memories are a huge part of our brain, and sometimes a small reminder of such an emotion can go a long way. One specific nostalgic advertisement I am going to focus on was this Christmas when Toys ‘R’ Us took a different approach towards their holiday advertising. They brought back two commercials; Both commercials feature the brand character Geoffrey the Giraffe and one of them includes the familiar jingle written by the advertising executive Linda Kaplan Thaler that begins, â€Å"I don’t wanna grow up, I’m a Toys ‘R’ Us kid. † Toys ‘R’ Us was huge when I was a kid, I can almost remember singing the theme song â€Å"I don’t wanna grow up†. The return of these commercials was to reach the generation of kids who grew up with the Toys ‘R’ Us brand. It may not have specifically made me go out and purchase toys from the store, however it hit home and reminded me entirely of my childhood. Marketing research has shown a postivie resonance with both nostalgic ads and the products advertises, it even shows more persuasive influence on consumers. However, with the lack of clear correlation to either purchase intent or actual purchase of the products advertised, they must trust that the positive resonance towards the ad and products will translate into an increase in sales. How to cite Nostalgia in Advertising, Papers

Diode Arrangement in the Circuit

Question: Discuss about the Diode Arrangement in the Circuit. Answer: 1. The diode arrangement in the circuit is to prevent the power supply from surging the oscillator. The resistors has been used as pullup resistors. The capacitors has been used for dc filtering. The opamp has been used as an amplifier. The power supply has been used to power up the circuit. The waveform has been included in the LT Spice files separately. It can be seen that there is a periodic motion in the output of the circuit, and hence, the oscillation. The oscillator can be used as a timer device, considering the periodic oscillation. The time period of oscillation can be used an s a unit for the time of the timer device. 2. [Comparison report can be done after hardware implementation in the lab] The oscillation developed on the simulation software, LT Spice, gives an output of almost perfect sine wave. On the other hand, the output from the hardware implementation of the circuit doesnt give a pure sine wave output. The output is little distorted. This happens due to hardware limitations, like loose connections, error in devices, faulty devices and components, error in measuring instruments, like oscilloscope in this case. 3. The circuit is a sine wave oscillator. The components used in the circuit are as follows: The resistors are used for pull up resistors, to prevent the circuit and as voltage dividers. The voltage dividers gives an advantage that the separate power source need not be used. The capacitors are used to protect the circuit and as DC filters. The transistor has been used to control the flow of the current in a single direction. The crystal oscillator has been used to provide the oscillation in the circuit. The output has been attached with the LT Spice file included separately. The advantage of a using a crystal oscillator is that the oscillation is more constant in nature, and has a fixed time period. The oscillations from opamp can be not trusted for a precise device. The crystal oscillator provides a precision. The oscillator circuit can be used for the oscillation in a microprocessor device. Microprocessors need a very precise oscillator in their working. Any deformation in the time period can corrupt the complete data set and the process microprocessor is working on. Hence, crystal oscillators are best for them. References Vittoz, E.A., Degrauwe, M.G. and Bitz, S., 1988. High-performance crystal oscillator circuits: theory and application. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 23(3), pp.774-783. Matthys, R.J., 1983. Crystal oscillator circuits. New York, Wiley-Interscience, 1983, 244 p., 1. Frerking, M., 2012. Crystal oscillator design and temperature compensation. Springer Science Business Media. Leeson, D.B., 1966. A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum. Proceedings of the IEEE, 54(2), pp.329-330. Rofougaran, A., Rael, J., Rofougaran, M. and Abidi, A., 1996, February. A 900 MHz CMOS LC-oscillator with quadrature outputs. In Solid-State Circuits Conference, 1996. Digest of Technical Papers. 42nd ISSCC., 1996 IEEE International (pp. 392-393). IEEE. Purcell, E.M. and Pound, R.V., 1951. A nuclear spin system at negative temperature. Physical Review, 81(2), p.279. Ramsey, N.F. and Pound, R.V., 1951. Nuclear audiofrequency spectroscopy by resonant heating of the nuclear spin system. Physical Review, 81(2), p.278.

Gandhis contribution towards contemporary social issues

The Greek Colony of Miletus

The Greek Colony of Miletus Miletus was one of the great Ionian cities in southwestern Asia Minor. Homer refers to the people of Miletus as Carians. They fought against the Achaeans (Greeks) in the Trojan War. Later traditions have Ionian settlers taking the land from the Carians. Miletus itself sent off settlers to the Black Sea area, as well as the Hellespont. In 499 Miletus led the Ionian revolt that was a contributing factor in the Persian Wars. Miletus was destroyed 5 years later. Then in 479, Miletus joined the Delian League, and in 412 Miletus revolted from Athenian control offering a naval base to the Spartans. Alexander the Great conquered Miletus in 334 B.C.; then in 129, Miletus became part of the Roman province of Asia. In the 3rd Century A.D., Goths attacked Miletus, but the city continued, waging an ongoing fight against the silting of its harbor. Early Inhabitants of Miletus The Minoans abandoned their colony in Miletus by 1400 BC. Mycenaean Miletus was a dependency or ally of Ahhiwaya though its population was mostly Carian. Shortly after 1300 BC, the settlement was destroyed by fire- probably at the instigation of the Hittites who knew the city as Millawanda. The Hittites fortified the city against possible naval attacks by the Greeks. Age of the Settlement at Miletus Miletus was regarded as the oldest of the Ionian settlements, though this claim was disputed by Ephesus. Unlike its near neighbors, Ephesus and Smyrna, Miletus was protected from landward assaults by a mountain range and developed early as a sea power. During the 6th century, Miletus contested (unsuccessfully) with Samos for possession of Priene. In addition to producing philosophers and historians, the city was famous for its purple dye, its furniture, and the quality of its wool. The Milesians made their own terms with Cyrus during his conquest of Ionia, though they joined in the rebellion of 499. The city did not fall to the Persians until 494 at which time the Ionian Revolt was considered to be well and truly over. Rule of Miletus Though Miletus was originally ruled by a king the monarchy was overthrown early on. Around 630 BCE a tyranny evolved from its elected (but oligarchic) chief magistracy the prytaneia. The most famous Milesian tyrant was Thrasybulus who bluffed Alyattes out of attacking his city. After the fall of Thrasybulus there came a period of bloody stasis and it was during this period that Anaximander formulated his theory of opposites. When the Persians finally sacked Miletus in 494 they enslaved most of the population and deported them to the Persian Gulf, but there were enough survivors to play a decisive part in the battle of Mycale in 479 (Cimons liberation of Ionia). The city itself, however, was completely razed. The Port of Miletus Miletus, though one of the most famous ports of antiquity is now marooned in an alluvial delta. By the middle of the 5th century, it had recovered from Xerxes attack and was a contributing member of the Delian League. The 5th-century city was designed by the architect Hippodamas, a native of Miletus, and some of the extant remains date from that period. The present form of the theater dates to 100 A.D., but it had existed in an earlier form. It seats 15,000 and faces what used to be the harbor. Source Sally Goetsch of Didaskalia provided notes for this article. Percy Neville Ure, John Manuel Cook, Susan Mary Sherwin-White, and Charlotte Rouechà © Miletus The Oxford Classical Dictionary. Simon Hornblower and Anthony Spawforth. Oxford University Press (2005).

Therapeutic Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Therapeutic Exercise - Essay Example ch suggests that, during progressive resistance exercise, the body is likely to adapt to stress increasing an individual’s fitness when the stress is above the threshold intensity (Adeyanju, Crews and Meadors 252). In order that progressive resistance exercise becomes effective, there are factors that are normally involved in enhancing the adaptation of the muscle to deconditioning and stress. The factors include; specificity, reversibility, overload and individual difference. It is evident that, during progressive resistance exercise, an increase in stress tends to cause the muscle to improve its function, and the muscles also adapt to the stress conditions. It is evident that weight lifting, as a form of progressive resistance exercise, normally improves strength and enhances muscle hypertrophy. Casted leg atrophy normally results in response to the disuse of progressive resistance exercise (Baker and Newton 202). Progressive resistance raining stresses the body, therefore, improving its capacity to exercise. Progressive resistance exercise is normally beneficial to the body only if the body adapts to stress as a result of physical effort. It is evident that when the stress is less than body overload, adaptation never occurs. (Dunstan, Puddey, and Beilin 53). Significant improvements in performance normally occur when the appropriate exercise stresses are introduced into an individual’s training program. Progressive resistance exercise is largely a reflection of the level of training. When an individual works hard, he is likely to be fit. However, when progressive resistance exercise ceases, fitness begins to decline (Fahey 50). Progressive resistance exercise can normally be used to correct disorders such as mechanical derangement of the knee joint; it is also normally of immense clinical importance. The health benefits that are normally associated with progressive resistance exercise include; the reduction of the muscles ability to generate force, as a

Working Mothers in America's Twentieth Century and Beyond A Social Essay

Working Mothers in America's Twentieth Century and Beyond A Social Perspective - Essay Example Women, in general, occupy a secondary or subordinate position in many societies. Plans have been devised to help working mothers overcome their socioeconomic problems and to provide them with equal opportunities. Instead of increasing productivity, development processes have relegated women into economic sectors that limit social and economic mobility. The 20th century has changed lives and destinies of women, their social, economic and political roles in society. Social change raises new issues about the social meaning of adult identity for women. Many women are marrying later, having one child, and having them later in life than their mothers or grand-mothers did. Before 1900, in all-male government circles, employment policies were being developed which catered for a proportion of unemployed working-class men, but which omitted any specific reference to women. Although the attempts of the 'right to work' movement in the decade before the First World War was to force the State to accept responsibility for creating paid employment for unemployed men have been documented. 1980s-1990s brought a change in social relations and political area allowing women greater participation in workforce and labor relations. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the role of working mother is still limited by their social status (as a mother and a wife). The beginning of the 20th century marked a ne... owever, support for limiting the paid employment of wives and mothers also came from members of the employing class, including some whose family fortunes owed much to the employment of married women. his may have partly stemmed from dislike of the fact that working-class women who had economic independence, particularly those living in areas where women's full-time employment was the norm were relatively active in the women's suffrage movement. The women's almost equal pay and better conditions were offset by longer hours of work (Baxandall and Gordon 1995). These would have been problematic for widows with sole responsibility for young children. Conditions on public works for men were made relatively unattractive, through policy-makers' concerns that men should not come to prefer these temporary schemes to their normal employment; but this was not the case on the women's schemes, nor was it seen as a problem. Although in most of the workrooms the women enjoyed better pay and conditi ons than in their usual work, no concern was expressed that women's incentives to move on to paid employment would be undermined. This appears to have been based on a strong resistance to seeing women, even widows, as having a proper place in the labor market (Anderson and Eamon 2005). Before the WWII, social insurance was considered to be societal protection against those risks viewed as beyond the control of the individual, or risks incurred while contributing to the well-being of the society as a whole. At the core of this perspective was concern with the protection of earned income when earnings were lost temporarily or permanently. Maternity benefits for employed women, as a social insurance benefit, were almost as old as sickness benefits, the oldest such benefit. They were

Describe experimental approaches to distinguish between competitive Essay

Describe experimental approaches to distinguish between competitive inhibitors and non competitive inhibitors and discuss the i - Essay Example These drugs potentially target those enzymes that are responsible for proliferation of cancer cells (Nelson, 2008). Enzyme inhibitors diminish the enzyme's capability to combine with the substrate. They reduce the enzyme's catalytic actions. There are two kinds of inhibitors: 1. Reversible inhibitors: They are the agents or molecules that separate from the enzyme. They are competitive, that compete with the substrate to gain access to the active site of the enzyme, it lowers the KM and reduces the reaction velocity (Nelson, 2008). Mixed inhibitor reduces apparent substrate binding ability of the enzyme. Thus it alters the chemical nature of active site. They are capable of binding with ES complex and thus reduce the substrate binding ability of enzyme. Mixed inhibitors can either reduce or enhance the KM or diminish Vmax (Nelson, 2008). Non-competitive inhibitor is not influenced by E or ES. It binds with both with same affinity. Non-competitive inhibitors decrease the Vmax while kee p the KM unchanged. 2. Irreversible inhibitors: They are the molecules or agents that do not get detached from the enzyme or from the active site of enzymes, thereby they does not allow the substrate to combine with the enzyme. Thus they bind to the enzyme tightly or permanently, inactivating the enzyme. E.g. Male baldness drug Propecia.

Development of Online eResume with Job Portal

Development of Online eResume with Job Portal 7.3.3 Sequence diagram for Employer Figure No. 7.3.2: Sequence diagram for Employer This sequence starts with Employer authenticating into the system. After successful authenticating, Employer will login to Job Portal. Employer can post jobs in job portal and display in main page. And Employer can view the user profile who applied for that job. 7.4 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM An activity diagram represents the work flow of a particular part of a system or an whole system. This system has the following activity models based on the modules. 7.4.1 Activity diagram for User Figure No. 7.4.1: Activity diagram for User 7.4.2 Activity diagram for Employer Figure No. 7.4.2: Activity diagram for Employer 7.4.3 Activity diagram for Administrator Figure No. 7.4.3: Activity diagram for Administrator 7.5 DATABASE TABLE DIAGRAM Users (Job Seekers) Registration Contact Information Login Page Current Employment details Education background Uploading resume Industry_type Table Experience Type Job Type Posting Jobs Jobs Table Resume Table 8. IMPLEMENTATION 8.1 XAMP SERVER XAMP is a free and open source cross platform web server. It includes Apache HTTP Server, MYSQL Database, and Interpreters for scripts written in php and perl programming languages. XAMP designers main intended to use as a web development tool and it provide many security features by default. It allows web site designers and programmers to test their work on computer without using internet. so it can runs on the localhost. MYSQL: MYSQL is an open source SQL relational database management system. XAMP is also support for creating and manipulating the database in MYSQL. In MYSQL default username is root and it does not have any default password. 8.2 CODEIGNITOR Codeignitor is a opensource and powerfull web application PHP framework. Codeignitor was released by EllisLab and created by Rick Ellis in February 28, 2006. It is use for building dynamic web pages. Codeignitor has gained its popularity only because of speed, light and easy use than any other framework. GitHub is the main cloude source for codeignitor. Latest version of codeignitor 3.0.0 and its license its maintained by Apache/BSD-style. Codeignitor framework includes support programs, code libraries, compilers, tool sets and application programming interface (APIs) that bring together all the different components to enable development of projects and it minimizing the amount of code. Codeignitor uses model, view, controller (MVC) approach. MVC Pattern seperats the representation of data from the logic of the application. View: what the visitors of the web application see Controller: Handling the incoming requests and validating input and showing the right view. Model: Accessing the database and executing the operations. 8.3 TECHNOLOGIES 8.3.1 HTML HTML or HyperText Markup Language is the standard markup language used to create web pages. HTML is written in the form of HTML elements consisting of tags enclosed in angle brackets (like ). HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like and , although some tags represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example . The first tag in a pair is the start tag, and the second tag is the end tag (they are also called opening tags and closing tags). The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and compose them into visible or audible web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page. HTML is used to describe the structure of a website semantically along with cues for presentation, making it a markup language rather than a programming language.HTML elements form the building blocks of all websites. HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms. It provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes and other items. It can embed scripts written in languages such as JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML web pages. 8.3.2 JavaScript JavaScript is a object based scripting language that adds interactivity to web pages. It allows client-side scripts tointeract with the user, control the browser, communicateasynchronously, and alter thedocument contentthat is displayed. It is also used in server-side network programming with runtime environments such asgame development and the creation of desktop and mobile applications JavaScript is also used in environments that are not web based, such asPDFdocuments,site-specific browsers, anddesktop widgets. 8.3.3 PHP PHP is a programming language and an open source technology. It is mainly used for web applications. PHP is a powerfull way to create dynamic web pages that interact with visitors. PHP runs on various platform(windows, linux, unix, mac OS X). it is compatible with almost all server. It support wide-range of database. It is free, easy to learn and runs efficiently on server side. The PHP code start with . MYSQL acts as a back-end database server and helps in data storage and manipulation of data stored at MYSQL database server. In eResume with Job Portal application using php technology with the help of codeignitor framework and following MVC approach. 8.3.4 Bootstrap Bootstrap is a free and open source and front-end framework and it also a web application framework. Originally named Twitter Blueprint. Developed by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton. It is a collection of tools for creating websites and web application. It contains HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Forms, Buttons, Navigation and other interface components. To develop successful software with more complex and faster programming environment bootstrap is referred. With a simple basic text editor the environment is made simple and easy to understand, which also help in writing the high level languages until one can have graphical IDE. In eResume with Job Portal application using bootstrap for fully-responsive website. 8.3.5 Jquery Jquery is a free and open source, cross platform JavaScript library. Using jquery it easier to navigate a document. Can select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. Based on CSS selectors DOM manipulation is preceded, which uses elements names and attributes. The major feature of jquery which all the featured software developer look forward to is effects and animation which jquery can make it possible. Jquery can also be extensible through plugins. This also supports all the browsers, which is flexible to use it. 9. TESTING 9.1 INTRODUCTION Testing is a process of executing a programs or applications to find the bugs. It meets the business and technical requirements that shows the design and development phase. The main objective of testing is to maintain and deliver the quality of product to the client. Testing is the process of analyzing a software system to detect the differences between existing and required conditions (that is defects/errors/bugs) and to evaluate the features of the software system. 9.2 Goals of Testing It is the mechanism of knowing that what the expected result and what the actual result got. The main goals of testing are: Identifying bugs as early as possible Correct the bugs or errors in application or product Check whether customer satisfied for their requirements Finally the main goal of testing to measure the quality of product. 9.3 Types of Testing Following types of testings are conducted on eResume with Job Portal Unit testing Integration testing System testing 9.3.1 Unit Testing Unit testing simply verifies that individual units of code (mostly functions) work as expected. It follows white box testing (Logic of the program). It done by developers. In eResume with Job Portal application each feature is tested individually to perform its task as expected. 9.3.2 Integration Testing After completing unit testing successfully, programmers or developers can combine two or more modules. Integration testing tests integration or interface between components and integrations to different parts of the system such as operating system, file system or interface between systems. 9.3.3 System Testing After completing unit and integration testing, system testing tests the full eResume with Job Portal application based on the requirements. So it integrates all modules to perform black box testing. System testing performs different testing’s: Usability Testing Functional Testing Performance Testing Security Testing 9.3.3.1 Usability Testing In Usability Testing team concentrate on the user friendliness of build interface. Screen should be understandable to operate by End users. 9.3.3.2 Functional Testing The process of checking the behavior of application and checking all requirements working properly or not. 9.3.3.3 Performance Testing Performance testing is testing that is performed, to determine how system perform under a particular workload. It can compare two system to find which perform is better and system can check where workload causes the system to perform badly. 9.3.3.4 Security Testing In security testing check whether the application or the product is secured or not. System protects against unauthorized internal or external access. 9.4 Test Results 10 CONCLUSION â€Å"eResume with Job Portal† is an important issue in today’s global market. This application briefly explained how available technology can possibly help, employer and job seekers process are implemented. Developing the project has helped some experience on real time development procedures. This application provides a platform for job seekers and employers to meet under one roof. The technical advantages of this application are Economically feasible User interface Reliable Accurate PDF data export 11. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS The following features can be added as the future enhancements Future versions of the application will concentrate more on the scalability, performance and maintenance of the application when there are more functionalities added into the application And also planning to provide offline registration for job seekers who are unable to register online. 12. SCREEN SHOTS 12.1 Job Seeker Login Page Figure No. 12.1: Login Page for Job Seekers Description: The above figure no: 12.1 represents the login module for the job seeker; this module will be the primary authentication for the members who are registered to use this web application. 12.2 Dashboard (Job Portal) Figure No. 12.2: Dashboard Description: The figure no: 12.2 represent the dashboard after a successful login of the job seeker. Here the user can check statistics and manage the profile. The statistics are displayed in the form of numbers, charts and graphs. 12.3 Adding Resume Templates Figure No. 12.3: Adding Resume Templates Description: The job seekers can create their own template by the module given above. This module consists of fields which the user is required to fill it up, further to which led to the creation of resume template. 12.4 Searching Jobs Figure No. 12.4: Searching Jobs Description: The above module is used by the job seekers to search for a job according to the queries which is set by the job seeker. The job seeker can select the required industry, the type of carrier and experience to which the results are displayed if the jobs are available. 12.5 Posting Jobs Figure No. 12.4: Posting Jobs Description: If there is any requirement for an organization the above module helps to post job in the web application. This module includes fields which the job provider are required to fill up, after a successful job post the jobs will be displayed to the other members to seek job. 13. BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] A job Portal â€Å"Exclusively for the persons with disabilities† Jan 21, 2014(White Papers / Approach Papers) www.ciispecialabilityjobs.in [2] White Papers: CV Resume, Robert Tearle, Founder, November 17, 2013 B M S College of Engineering Department of CA 2015

Sears Holding Corp Essay -- Business Analysis Management Essays Papers

Sears Holding Corp.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kmart and Sears have been part of the retail industry of America for the last two centuries, and as of November, 2004, they will be continuing due to their merger as Sears Holding Corp. This paper will first look at the history of the two companies to see how they started and what each company set out to achieve. This section will also include why the two companies failed. Secondly, a SWOT analysis will be performed on the new company, Sears Holding Corp, to try to identify where it stands in the present. Finally, a hypothesis of how the new company is likely to be accepted by consumers and whether it is likely to succeed will be discussed. Kmart History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  S.S. Kresge Co., the predecessor of Kmart, was founded in 1889 by Sebastian J Kresge, in Detroit Michigan. The small store, which sold everything for five and ten cents, was an instant success. By 1912 S.S. Kresge Co. had expanded to 85 stores with annual sales of more than $10 million. The 1920’s saw a larger increase in merchandise variety and prices, Kresge’s first steps to becoming a discount store. This final leap to a discount store was made in the 1950’s, when the company realized that they needed to make some changes in order to remain competitive. In 1962 S.S. Kresge Co. opened their first Kmart discount department store in a suburb of Detroit. During that same year seventeen other Kmart stores opened. Realizing that discount stores were the wave of the future S.S. Kresge changed its name to Kmart in 1977. In 1987 Kmart sold its remaining Kresge stores (kmartcorp.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the years of 1984 to 1992 Kmart bought several businesses, including Builders Square in 1984, the Sports Authority in 1990, a 90-percent stake in OfficeMax in 1991, and Borders bookstores in 1992. However, in 1995 with a close brush with bankruptcy, Kmart sold those businesses in which they had just invested and refocused its efforts back on the discount stores. During that same year Kmart began converting its traditional stores to a new high frequency format designed to improve the customer shopping experience. A new name, Big Kmart, was assigned to these stores (in April 1997) (kmartcorp.com).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, all the changes Kmart made throughout its long history to remain current with ideas of the times, were not enough to help Kmart maintain its competitive edge. Kmart also m... ... Levy, M. â€Å"Kmart-Sears Merger† Start Tribune 18 November 2004. Academic Universe: Business. Lexis-Nexis. UNL Lib. 28 November 2004 . Retailindustry.about.com â€Å"Retail Consolidations† 30 November 2004 Schuman, E. â€Å"Sears, Kmart Merger to Create Huge Retail IT Operation† E-Week† 17 November 2004. Academic Universe: Business. Lexis-Nexis. UNL Lib. 28 November 2004 . Schuman, E. â€Å"Where America Shops Meets Where America Shoplifts† E-Week† 19 November 2004. Academic Universe: Business. Lexis-Nexis. UNL Lib. 28 November 2004 . Searsarchives.com 29 November 2004 Snavely, B. â€Å"Grand Strategy; Converting Kmart stores will help get Sears ‘Off the Mall’† Crain’s Detroit Business 22 November 2004. Academic Universe: Business. Lexis-Nexis. UNL Lib. 28 November 2004 . Strasburg, J. â€Å"Kmart to buy Sears, Create No. 3 Retail Giant† The San Francisco Chronicle 18 November 2004. Academic Universe: Business. Lexis-Nexis. UNL Lib. 28 November 2004 . Troy, M. â€Å"Kmart Holding Corporation and Sears, Roebuck and Co. Agree to Merge† Business Wire 17 November 2004. Academic Universe: Business. Lexis-Nexis. UNL Lib. 28 November 2004 . Wikipedia.org â€Å"Kmart Corporation† 29 November 2004

Hole In My Life Essay

â€Å"It is not what one does that is wrong, but what one becomes as a consequence of it â€Å", which means the thing you do can turn you into something you’re not. It’s not the crime someone commits it’s if they change or have a positive effect on the consequence. Jack Gantos started hanging with the wrong people, started selling drugs but he didn’t think selling drugs could land him in federal prison. Jack spent his time in jail but he didn’t let jail stop him from writing. Jack realized he did a crime, he went to prison & got out and changed his life around. Gantos began as a person with lack of supervision, getting involved with the drug culture, he ends up going to jail when he gets out he goes to college and becomes an amazing writer. Jack’s lack of supervision started when he lived in a hotel in San Juan by himself without his parents, he made housekeeping cleanup for him, went to visit his mom and made her do his laundry. Living on his own was a way for him to do what he wanted on his own and when he wanted to which he proved was a way to show his lack of responsibility. Second example of Jack’s lack of supervision is when jack lived in the Bacon’s house, he would turn his music on full blast and not care what no one says. He was sort of taking advantage of the Bacon’s not knowing he was doing it. The final example is Jack doesn’t even ask anyone for advice he just starts making the crates with Rick. Jack is selfish and doesn’t want to listen to anyone he does stuff not knowing he could get in trouble. In the case of Jacks lack of supervision he lands himself with 6 years on his jail time. Jack got involved with the wrong crowd and drug culture. Jack and his drug partner Hamilton they smuggled drugs into the USA. He was eager to do anything to get money, he wants to go to college and be a writer and he needs the money to do it. By Jack getting involved with this drug culture he gets caught but Jack doesn’t turn himself in right away he’s on the run but eventually turns himself in. He eventually finds that jail is scary he has some bad experiences and thinks they might scar him making him think about changing his life. Gantos gets a job as an x-ray tech inside prison. He ends up learning new things. Hearing stories from some of the prisoners and seeing things that disqust him but they teach him a lesson and the readers get a feel on how prison is. Even though Jacks in prison but still continuing his career as a writer. In prison he gets a ship’s log on he uses that to journal in. Gantos began writing in the script log turning it into a diary about his life. In his diary he explains that he did make mistakes and wants his readers not to follow in his footsteps. While Jack was in school there were kids that came from prison to tell them how it was but Jack made fun of them in the end Jack sees that wasn’t a good idea. When he gets out he changes his life, he gets out, goes to school and becomes a successful writer. From the book â€Å"Hole In My Life,† one can learn a lot of tips that should stick with you through life. The first tip is don’t do drugs they can lead you to heavy trouble and they are bad for you. Another is always have your parents close to you so when you have a question about life you can ask them to see what is right. Third is everyone deserves a second chance. Last one is choose your friend wisely. In the book Gantos states â€Å"Feels like in a walking white target with legs.† He also states â€Å"In prison I got a second chance to realize I did have something to write about.

Awesome Work Everyone 600 Papers, keep it up! †FORP News

Awesome Work Everyone 600 Papers, keep it up! – FORP News Free Online Research Papers Awesome Work Everyone 600 Papers, keep it up! FORP News We have been online for 15 weeks, 4 days, 13 hours. But who is counting, right. Congratulations to everyone that has helped Free Online Research Papers(FORP)reach two major mile markers on the same day. Sixty users and six hundred papers!! We are still growing at a rate of 4-5 papers a day and our hope is that as we continue to grow the number of new papers that are posted every day will increase as well. We hope to double our current daily paper submission rate within the next month or so and I think we will meet our next goal of 1000 papers soone than anyone expects. Research Papers on Awesome Work Everyone 600 Papers, keep it up! - FORP NewsThe Hockey GameResearch Process Part OneThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Project Managment Office System19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraOpen Architechture a white paper

The field of psychology

The field of psychology may have grown to be respected as a science. Objectivity and the scientific method are both part of the psychologist's mode of operation. However, even the greatest of psychologists can only theorize about what makes human beings act the way they do. Absolutes are not part of psychology . Everything is relative and open to speculation. Theorists give us their views or ideas about life. In the field of psychology, there have been many different areas of interest. Human development is one of the most popular areas of interest for those who study psychology. Freud, Erikson and Piaget are all great theorists with different ideas concerning human development. Each theorist developed ideas and stages for human development. Their theories on human development had human beings passing through different stages. Each theory differed on what these stages were. These theories also differed with their respect towards paradigmatic assumptions, learning and development, and relationship towards educational practice. Freud is known as the father of psychology. Although some of his work has been dismissed, most of it still holds weight in the world of psychology. Freud believed that human development was fueled by inner forces. He believed the most powerful of all inner forces was our sexual being. Freud linked everything with sex. This includes any bodily pleasure whatsoever. Thus, when Freud discusses the sexual needs of children, they are not the same kind of sexual needs that an adult would experience. Children experienced sexual gratification in different ways. Sucking their thumbs or retaining their excrement could be seen as sexual gratification for small children. Freud also specified certain areas of our body as erogenous zones. Those areas included the mouth and genitals. This all fit in to Freud's obsession with sex. An obsession that could be linked to the era that Freud lived in. It was a very conservative per...

Instructor methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Instructor methods - Essay Example I guess looking back, it sounds a macabre, but I was very interested in it at the time. I believe that the instructor was following a linear-rational model of instruction because we were given a very specific rubric to follow for our research and presentation. The rubric was a number of steps and criteria that needed to be met for each portion of the assignment. The research guide took us through a logical progression of sources of information. Very little was left to intuition or exploration. We were not given a question and then sent out to discover possible solution. We were not asked to use any sort of deductive reasoning in order to arrive at a conclusion either. What we were expected to do was to follow a scripted manner of gathering information and then we were to present the information to the class. It was obvious to me that this learning activity was very well planned. The rubrics created by the teacher were detailed and logical. The information was extremely up to date as well. Websites and reference materials were current, so you could tell that this wasn’t just some lesson that the teacher would present in the same manner year after year. What was even more impressive is the way the teacher could comment on each of the presentations in a knowledgeable way. The discussion after each one of the presentations was as valuable as the student presentation itself. This was especially true after one of the presentations was over. Being in high school, some giggles or inappropriate remarks were whispered after some of the presentations. This was especially true if any of the disease or defect had anything to do with sex or the ability to have sex. I remember the instructor being patient but never failing to correct students that would make comments that were out of line. After a presentation on a genetic disorder that altered the facial appearance of

Methodology rationale of a lesson plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Methodology rationale of a lesson plan - Essay Example This is followed by detailed analysis or the lesson plan and peculiarities of students’ perception of material and attitude to learning, their interests and cooperation during the lesson. Also there will be suggested an action plan for my self-improvement and advance in my future teaching skills. Final point of my paper includes brief conclusion on done work. Primarily, I want to pay attention that my lesson is designed for young students. They are Libyan and their appropriate age is from 16 to 19. The topic of the lesson is Life Stories. The lesson contain the story about doctor who leave his son burial to save life of unknown boy, precisely listening a rude and angry perturbation of his father. Hence, the story is totally edifying and provides a great example of execution of duty no matter what. Moreover, given text teaches respect and politeness even in stressed situations. These are serious and important moral categories, discussing which will be useful affair for young generation. Their age induces them to think over some eternal notions together with sense of life and people’s behaviour. This is the age of self-identification in the world and understanding of who you are. So topic Life Stories with a big moral purport I consider to be highly appropriate for these learners. It more or less matches with their interests and pre tends to be interesting for students. The learners are 10 in number. It is a suitable amount what gives an opportunity to tell your own opinion for everybody, and to discuss the main important points of the topic in pairs and with the full class. Learners study language at their private school for ten years. English is a part of their syllabus so they study General English. Level of knowledge of these Libyan students is intermediate. As there was no verbal part in the exam process for them, they mostly concentrated on the structural form of the language avoiding the meaning and use of them as a result; they are good at writing and

Fashion provides one of the most ready means Essay

Fashion provides one of the most ready means - Essay Example The paper "Fashion provides one of the most ready means" explores what fashion is, from several perspectives, and highlights a number of difficulties in equating fashion with the expression of individual identity. The term â€Å"fashion† derives from the French verb faire which means simply â€Å"to make,† and it came to be used at first by the upper classes of Europe who began to mingle more freely with each other and exchange influences during the Industrial revolution. This connection with class, and with expanding European capitalism, continues into modern discourses about globalization and the dominance of Eurocentric ideas in the modern world. There is something about travel that encourages waves of imitation to cross from one culture to the next. It became obvious that different countries â€Å"fashioned† their everyday objects differently, and so the adoption of a â€Å"fashion† which imitated that of a distant place became an indicator of wealth a nd sophistication. An English aristocratic woman’s purpose in buying the latest pattern for dressmaking or interior design in Paris was therefore a celebration of difference, setting the owner apart from others of her own circle, and creating an insurmountable social gap between those who could afford such luxuries, and those servants and workers who could perhaps glimpse such wonders but never hope to ever own them. Already, then, it is obvious that the adoption of new fashions, from whatever source, is a complex undertaking that involves economic and social factors.

Julius Caesar Essay Example for Free

Julius Caesar Essay Each unlawful overthrow ends in disastrous consequences because no one knows whether the next leader will achieve greatness or insignificance. The country wouldn’t be prepared for such an event such as an assassination. It also causes chaos among the people because many individuals will be furious because they may have loved the original leader. There will be more riots and a less civilized society. Brutus and Cassius had a plan which they would assassinate Julius Caesar. They both agreed they wanted to, but for different reasons. Brutus says that it would ruin the republic because the people would want someone like Caesar as king. Cassius is irritated because he believes that Julius Caesar is just as normal as Brutus and himself. He thinks that Caesar is going to be treated as a god rather than a king and Caesar didn’t do anything to deserve to be king. Cassius brings in cases where Caesar is a mortal man such as Caesar not being able to swim and Caesar having a seizure in Spain. The consequence that â€Å"conspirators† were facing was that if they assassinated Caesar, they knew they were going to be killed. Mark Antony wanted revenge on the conspirators. He was the last one to speak at Caesars funeral which was very favorable to him because no one can oppose. Now, people will remember his speech the most out of anyone’s and more people will follow him. Antony also paused a lot in his speech so people had time to actually think about what he was saying. This led to a civil war where many of the conspirators were murdered. â€Å"Julius Caesar† is connected to â€Å"The Lord of the Flies† because in both books, a group of people wanted to overthrow their leader or just disagreed with their leader. Ralph and Piggy discover a conch and they used it to call over the other boys. When everyone was together, they elected Ralph as their leader. Ralph appoints Jack in charge of hunting for food for the entire group. Ralph sets up a system where the hunters set a fire so when someone passes by, they’ll see someone’s on the island. When someone passed by, the fire was out and Ralph and Piggy were furious. The conch symbolized order and normal civilization. When in a meeting, they would blow the conch to give people the right to speak. While searching for the monster, the kids see a silhouette of a parachute. Jack and Ralph hold a meeting telling the group of what they have just seen. During the meeting, Jack calls Ralph cowardly and proposes Ralph being removed from office. Jack walks away with the hunters. Meanwhile Ralph and the remaining children build a new fire. Before finishing the fire, most of the kids have moved to Jacks side. Jack declares himself the new leader. Life under Jacks dictatorship was quite violent. He organized a hunt with the new tribe members. During the hunt, they had a ritual where they slaughtered a sow to solemnize the event. After, the members cut off the sows head and they placed it on a sharpened stake. They put it in the jungle as an offering to the beast. When they were under Ralphs rule, they were never this uncivilized and unorganized. The Lord of the Flies is a voice that Simon keeps hearing. The Lord of the Flies tells Simon that Simon will never escape him. It says it exists within all men. It represents the madness that the children under Jack believe in. When Simon waked up, he goes to tell everyone that he saw a dead parachutist. The other see a shadowy figure from the jungle which they don’t know is Simon and they kill him. It just shows the chaos that’s happening on the island that they would kill their own friend. The final struggle of Mark Antony was what he should do regarding the conspirators. The conspirators had just killed King Julius Caesar. Once Mark Antony took over, he had to make a decision whether to he should or shouldn’t take revenge on the assassinators. The final struggle between Jack and Ralph was if Jack should call truce with Ralph or not. The children needed to find a plan to get off the island and Jacks clan chasing Ralph to kill him wasn’t the solution. A comparison with â€Å"Julius Caesar† and â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is that a normal person tries to corrupt the leader in one way or another. The difference is that in â€Å"Julius Caesar†, Brutus and Cassius try to assassinate Caesar, but they don’t necessarily want to take over. They just truly believe that Caesar does not deserve to be king because they think he’s a normal person. In â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, Jack tries to overtake Ralph, but not assassinate like Brutus and Cassius. The similarity is that they both succeed in what they want to accomplish. Brutus and Cassius kill Caesar and Jack overtakes Ralph as leader. The Tusnian Revolution was a revolt against President Zine El Abidine Ben Alio who was president from 1987 to 2011. They revolted because there was a high unemployment rate, food inflation, and corruption. Also, the living conditions were very poor and there was barely any freedom of speech. President Ben Alio resigned in January 2011. You can learn from â€Å"Julius Caesar† and â€Å"Lord of the Flies† that one shouldn’t think that you’re above all and on a higher power than everyone else.

Early Childhood Mathematics Teaching

Early Childhood Mathematics Teaching Mathematics is one subject that unleashes deep-seated memories for many people. Most of these memories include the learning of mathematical concepts and skills. Such learning may either be fulfilling or frustrating for learners, as Math covers a wide variety of degrees of difficulty. That is why an effective Math teacher can have so much influence over students in learning and even loving the subject. An effective Math teacher should be able to model to her students her enthusiasm for the discipline that she takes teaching it seriously while according due respect to her learners who may not exhibit the same level of competencies for the subject. Preschool is a time when children may first encounter mathematical lessons, however, much recent research has indicated that preschool children have the ability to understand a variety of mathematical concepts even prior to entering kindergarten (Klein, Stakey, Clements, Sarama, Lyer, 2008; Clement Sarama, 2007). That is why early childhood programs are increasingly required to implement mathematics instruction in classrooms because of young childrens early mathematical knowledge. Development of early math skills provides the foundation for later learning (Clements Sarama, 2008; NAEYC NCTM, 2008; Lee Ginsburg, 2008). According to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, the quality of mathematical education in early childhood plays an important part in the childs understanding of possibly difficult math concepts (Loop, 2009). Although there had been many studies pertaining to patterns of mathematical teaching in preschool, there is a lack of research on how teachers of Math perceive how young children learn Math and even what to teach in accordance to the developmental level of their learners. This current study draws much inspiration and idea from the work of Platas (2008) entitled Measuring Teachers Knowledge of Early Mathematical Development and their Beliefs about Mathematics Teaching and Learning in the Preschool Classroom. Platas was able to measure the knowledge of early mathematical development and beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning in the preschool classroom of preschool teachers using developed and validated survey instruments and statistical analysis (2008). There was a significant variation in the knowledge and beliefs of early childhood teachers on age-appropriateness of math instruction, classroom locus of generation of mathematical knowledge, math versus socio-emotional development and the comfort level in providing the instruction. The instrument used in the research has been found to be helpful for the preparation of prospective Math teachers as well as for the professional development of current Math educators. Platas work has raised many issues and beliefs regarding the developmental knowledge of preschoolers. Such issues include age-appropriateness of mathematical instruction used by teachers in preschools, the extent of learning of such mathematical concepts taught, the purpose of teaching math concepts in preschool and the comfort level of teachers when they introduce such math concepts to preschool children (Clement Sarama, 2007; Ginsburg Golbeck, 2004; Platas, 2008). DEFINITION OF TERMS: Belief covers all the matters of which we have no sure knowledge and yet  which we are sufficiently confident of to act upon and also the matters that we  now accept as certainly true, as knowledge, but which nevertheless may be  questioned in the future (Dewey, 1933, p. 6). early mathematical development the increasingly complex mathematical constructions and goals that young children develop and pursue in their activities (Platas, 2008, p.3). In-service preschool teachers teachers who are currently teaching in the  preschool level of education. Pre-service preschool teachers aspiring teachers of early childhood education  who are qualified to teach but have not yet gained any teaching experience. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many national and state organizations have provided teachers with guidelines to help improve mathematics instruction for young children. Forty-six states have comprehensive learning standards for preschool children (Barett et al., 2008). Furthermore, national organizations such as the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) have developed specific recommendations related to high quality mathematics instruction in the early childhood classroom (NAEYC NCTM, 2006). As the NCTM and NAEYC proclaimed, importance in the learning and development of mathematical skills and knowledge is important in building the foundation of mathematical development of preschool children. However, some early learning programs do not focus on high quality mathematics instruction despite research supporting early mathematics experiences influencing mathematical outcomes later in school and promoting school readiness skills in mathe matics (Lopez, Gallimore, Garnier, Reese, 2007; Slaby, Loucks, Stelwagon, 2005). Other remarkable studies showed that there are many activities involved in teaching mathematics to young children and this would involve knowledge about the subject matter, pedagogical content knowledge, lecturing, introduction of symbolism, and connecting everyday experience to abstract ideas (Ginsburg Amit, 2008). This would imply the need to effectively train teachers of early mathematics. There are many significant studies in line with early childhood education but little information is revealed about the teaching of early mathematics (Ginsburg Amit, 2008). This gap in research in mathematics education calls for the need to be filled especially in the area of teachers knowledge development and beliefs in teaching math in preschool. The only remarkable research in the area of teachers knowledge on preschool mathematical development is that of Platas (2008). Platas suggested in her recommendations, further study is still needed in the area taking into consideration a larger sample size and other necessary adjustments (2008). The need for preschool children to be provided with high quality early childhood programs calls for competent educators in general. Specific to this study, competent math teachers concerned with the development of mathematical ability of preschoolers are the qualifications demanded. It is in this regard that early childhood educators in mathematics should create the basic foundation required in the education system. This can significantly create meaningful understanding on how pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in early childhood education for mathematics should handle and evaluate their teaching abilities and methods. However, it remains uncertain whether pre-service teachers and in-service teachers in early childhood education for mathematics have significantly the same knowledge of mathematical development and belief. Thus, it is important to evaluate their knowledge of development and belief about it so as to come up with a clear justification if there is a need to align their level of skills, knowledge and beliefs if necessary. Even though Platas (2008) was able to compare early childhood teachers based on their knowledge of early mathematical development and beliefs about mathematics teaching and learning in the preschool classroom, there was no comparison done between pre-service and in-service preschool teachers in this regard. The researcher believes that this research gap needs to be filled since future and current teachers knowledge and beliefs will inevitably create an impact in young childrens mathematical knowledge development. It would be interesting to determine if experience in teaching of in-service teachers have affected their knowledge and beliefs on mathematical knowledge development and beliefs or if they remain the same as their pre-service counterparts. Hence this study will analyze and review in-service teachers and pre-service preschool teachers understanding on mathematical knowledge development and beliefs PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the mathematical development and beliefs in preschool learning between in-service preschool teachers and pre-service preschool teachers. The comparison will gauge the need to enhance the teachers knowledge of mathematical development and beliefs in early childhood education. Further development of these teachers adeptness in mathematical knowledge as well as fine tuning their beliefs will be done in the backdrop of the literature in preschool math development. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The researcher will compare and evaluate in-service teachers and pre-service preschool teachers knowledge and beliefs of mathematical development and teaching. In order to find significant results for this, the researcher will try to answer the main research question at of the study: To what extent, if any, is there a difference between In-service teachers and pre- service preschool teachers with regard to their knowledge and beliefs of how to teach mathematics to preschool children? Specifically, the following sub-questions will be answered at the end of the study: What do the teachers think are the necessary concepts and skills preschoolers  need to learn in the area of math? What teaching methods do the teachers think are effective in teaching these mathematical concepts and skills? What are their beliefs regarding teaching math? HYPOTHESIS It is hypothesized that there are significant differences between the beliefs of in-service and pre-service preschool teachers on the basis of experience. Those who have experiences in the teaching mathematics will have a different perspective basing from their own experiences compared to those who have limited or no experience in teaching mathematics to preschool children. It is also hypothesized that there are significant differences in the knowledge of mathematical development between in-service and pre-service preschool teachers. REVIEW OF LITERATURE What Preschool Math Entails The study of Math incorporates the processes of questioning, reflecting, reasoning and proof. It is a powerful tool for solving familiar and unfamiliar problems both within and beyond mathematics. As such, it is integral to scientific and technological advances in many fields of endeavor (Brewer, 2001). The inclusion of Mathematics in the curriculum is aimed at developing students mathematical thinking, understanding, competence and confidence in the application of mathematics, their own creativity, enjoyment and appreciation of the subject and their engagement in lifelong learning (Board of Studies New South Wales, 2002) Apart from the skills developed from the study of Math, values and attitudes are likewise emphasized. Students get to appreciate mathematics as an essential and relevant part of life. They show interest and enjoyment in inquiry and the pursuit of mathematical knowledge, skills and understanding. Children demonstrate confidence in applying mathematical knowledge, skills and understanding to everyday situations and the solution of everyday problems. Math also aims to develop and demonstrate perseverance in undertaking mathematical challenges. Students recognise that mathematics has been developed in many cultures in response to human needs (Board of Studies New South Wales, 2002). The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000) identified high quality mathematics programs for early childhood as having the following characteristics: (Brewer, 2001, pp. 319-320) They build upon and extend childrens intuitive and informal mathematics knowledge They are grounded in knowledge of child development They provide environments that encourage children to be active learners, eager for new challenges They develop a strong conceptual framework that provides the foundation for skills acquisition They nurture and develop childrens inclination to solve problems. Math Teaching Strategies in Preschool Children learn much on their own. However, the question of whether certain math concepts should be deliberately taught by the teacher or just be freely learned by children through play is another issue in math learning (Clement Sarama, 2007; Ginsburg Golbeck, 2004; Platas, 2008). Shaftel, Pass and Schnabel (2005) agree that children are more motivated to learn even difficult lessons in Math or other subjects through instructional games and simulations rather than traditional classroom instruction. Games have been found to result in improved content retention over time, possibly because of the opportunity for more participation. Math games improved on-task behavior and achievement even for students with mild intellectual disabilities (Beattie Algozzine, 1982). What motivates children with math games is that it allows them many opportunities to reinforce current knowledge and to try out other strategies or techniques without fear of getting the wrong answer. Trial and error is always encouraged, making them more confident in taking risks (Shaftel, Pass and Schnabel, 2005). Math games provide students with an environment for experiencing incorrect answers not as mistakes but as necessary steps towards connecting pieces of knowledge together (Holton et al, 2001; Quinn et al, 1992). Practical games such as those involving knowledge about money should be tied to real-life experiences if mathematical learning is to be optimized. Simulations develop metacognitive skills for analyzing and organizing data, checking responses, justifying solutions to problems and applying mathematical knowledge to daily activities (Hopkins and Dorsey, 1992). Issues of Teachers Teaching Math in Preschool This study is also concerned about the commitment of teachers in teaching math to young children (OConnor, 2010).. It is essential to investigate if they know the value of teaching math concepts to preschoolers at a very young age, which math concepts to teach and if it is worth teaching such concepts. It would also be interesting to know how comfortable these teachers are in teaching Mathematics and what are their attitudes and insights towards it. Teachers derive their behaviors, attitudes and ethics from their own personal and professional philosophies on teaching. Gore (1997) analyzes how such a philosophy leads to ones development of a pedagogical approach. A school having its own philosophy should have their teachers who hold the same beliefs. Alignment of their philosophy is essential for harmony. Gore (1997) claims that systematic and disciplined observations of pedagogy are necessary in order to clarify and perhaps compromise on the philosophy everyone must believe in and live by. This implies that a teachers perception of teaching a particular subject such as Math reflects her own and the schools philosophy regarding the subject. Many researchers have been intensively studying young childrens mathematical development and have come to understand the developmental progression of childrens mathematical understanding (Baroody, A. J., Lai, M.-L., Mix, K.S, 2006; Clement Sarama 2007; Seo Ginsburg, 2004). In order to support early mathematical development in young children, researchers recommend that teachers (a) develop a deep understanding of the mathematical content and concepts (Baroody, et al., 2006); (b) develop an understanding of young childrens mathematical development, including the ability to take into consideration the prior knowledge of the child (Baroody et al., 2006; Clement, 2001 Clement Sarama 2007); and (c) be fluent in the classroom pedagogy that supports and fosters such development including a knowledge of useful representations and strategies and common misconceptions and errors (Baroody, et al., 2006; Seo Ginsburg, 2004). By increasing teachers knowledge and understanding of mathematical knowledge development, it is expected that children will also learn better and a more productive classroom atmosphere is will be created. Therefore, it is important for teachers to know how to support childrens mathematical development in the preschool classroom in order to develop effective and appropriate classroom instruction. Teachers also need to understand how children learn mathematical knowledge as well as assessing their understanding, and monitoring their progress. Apart from the information yielded by Platas (2008) work, the literature point out that preschool teachers need to have a specific level of competency in their teaching which can be measured through their knowledge and beliefs. It was found that kindergarten teachers different training experiences and school contexts have significant impacts on childrens readiness for school (Lin, Lawrence, Gorrell, 2008). This implies that the level of knowledge and beliefs of preschool teachers have been significantly influenced by their training experiences and level of education received. Preschool teachers have different views on early childhood education with some of them thinking the programs in their schools may either be too advanced or too basic. Teachers preparation for cultural diversity in preschool is important prior to creating a welcoming learning environment (Hughes, Kwok, 2007). Skills and knowledge of teachers are important considerations especially on the basic education level. Teachers gestures and utterances were found to have a significant role in childrens learning (Klerfelt, 2007, Valenzeno, Alibali, Klatzky, 2003). In preschool education, high quality teacher-child relationships are expected. Knowing how to establish such good relationships with young children implies that the preschool teacher must have substantial knowledge on relationship building in early childhood education programs (OConnor, 2010). This also suggests that the teacher is effective and knows how to infuse fun in learning. Preschool teachers must have adequate knowledge and strong beliefs in a particular subject area they are tasked to teach. They should have knowledge of useful representations and strategies and common misconception errors when it comes to mathematical development in young children in particular (Broody et al., 2006). A Development model that coincides with theory and research is needed to create the building blocks for early childhood mathematics (Sarama, Clements, 2004). On the other hand, a teachers belief is hard to measure but it proves a reliable measure of teachers experiences and actions (Muis, Bendixen, Haerle, 2006). For example, a teacher may believe that young children are capable of understanding quantities because she herself has been successful in teaching a preschooler the concept of quantities, of which set has more objects and which set has less. Thus, knowledge and beliefs of teachers are requirements for mathematical development in early childhood education. Education and specialized training of preschool teachers are associated with young childrens learning and development (Barnett, 2004). Evaluation of the impact of Early Childhood Education teacher preparation programs and professional development conclude that benefits of high-quality preschool education can only be achieved if teachers are professionally prepared and well-compensated (Barnett, 2004). Research shows that a well-prepared early childhood education teacher brings a warm, safe and conducive environment for learning (NAEYC, 2006). Perceptions of teacher on student-teacher quality and of childrens academic abilities proved to influence academic competence among students (Hughes, Gleason, Zhang, 2005). In addition, it is important to focus on quality of room practices, child characteristics, teachers perceptions of school-related climates and teachers perceptions of workload stress (Mantzicopoulos, 2005). It was found that the amount of teachers math-related teaching was highly associated to childrens mathematical knowledge (Klibanoff, Levine, Huttenlocher, Vasilyeva, Hedges, 2006). The attitudes of preschool teachers on early m athematics do not change as they acquired knowledge of preschool teachers (Alinsinanoglu, Guven, Kesicioglu, 2009). Teachers elementary education credentials, years of education and years of experience have complex impact to childrens learning (Connor, Son, Hundman, Morrison, 2005). All of these issues can essentially be addressed by studying further within the context, knowledge and ability of early educators for early childhood education. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study takes on Platas suggestion that more research should be done in terms of investigating preschool teachers knowledge and beliefs regarding the developmental mathematical knowledge of preschool children. In compliance with the standards of NCTM for high quality math programs, evaluation of teachers competencies should be done to ensure the quality of teaching in early childhood programs. This studys significance lies in ensuring that teachers are adequately skilled and emotionally ready to teach mathematical concepts in the preschool level. In addition, this study is a contribution to the growing body of knowledge of early childhood education. Furthermore, new information may be derived from concerned participants in this research such as fresh ideas coming from the perspective of in-service and pre-service teachers that could be helpful in improving ones performance in their jobs. Thus, the importance of pursuing this trend of thinking will highly benefit teachers in early childhood education. In particular, there is a need to publish studies such this in order to provide support and enhancement of skills to new teachers in the field. It is important to study perceptions of early childhood educators because they play a significant role in young childrens learning and development of knowledge and skills (Chien, Hui, 2010). This study will help not only teachers to better understand the learning process involved in order to maximize mathematical knowledge development of young children. It is also helpful in building a better mathematical foundation for young children. OVERVIEW OF METHODOLOGY Instruments to be used for this study are the instruments developed by Platas (2008) namely the Knowledge of Mathematical Development (KMD) Survey and the Beliefs survey. A demographic questionnaire gathering information about the respondents will also be distributed. The Knowledge of Mathematical Development Survey (Platas) is a set of 20 multiple-choice questions that tests teachers knowledge and development in the area of verbal counting sequence, counting, ordinal number of words, addition/subtraction, divisions of sets, written number symbols and words. In each number, the teacher-respondents are to choose which of two math skills children are likely to learn first. If the respondents think that both choices are easily learned by a child, then the choice of same may be picked. However if the respondent does not know which skill is easier for a child to learn, he or she can choose the option do not know. The Beliefs Survey is a set of 40 beliefs about Math teaching and learning. It has a 5-pt. Likert scale with responses that range from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The belief survey will evaluate the teachers perspective about 4 areas: (1) age appropriateness of mathematics instruction in the early childhood classroom, (2) locus of Generation of Mathematical Knowledge, (3) Social and Emotional vs. Mathematical Development as Primary Goal of Preschool and (4) Teacher comfort in mathematics instruction. The participants involved in the study will be comprised of 200 in-service teachers and 100 pre-service teachers that will be chosen in random. Results will be analyzed using ANOVA as well as correlation analysis. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY This study will be limited to exploring the knowledge development and beliefs of pre-service and in-service preschool teachers regarding math. It will not evaluate on any other subject area. It is important to note that in terms of experience, the pre-service teachers will have no teaching experience whereas with the in-service teachers experience may range from a few months to about 20 years, depending on the sample gathered. Also, the number of in-service participants is much higher than the pre-service participants. These factors may affect the results due to this unbalance and must be taken into account when data is analyzed. Summary of Chapter 1 Mathematical learning now comes at an earlier age. Preschoolers surprisingly manifest basic mathematical knowledge even before they start school. This realization that young children can already do Math has encouraged professional organizations such as NAEYC and NCTM have come up with guidelines that Math teachers should consult and comply to in their teaching of mathematical concepts and skills. Teachers of young children have the power to influence their preschool students. Teachers should basically possess adequate knowledge and skills as well as appropriate beliefs if quality teaching is to be expected. The work of Platas (2008) entitled Measuring Teachers Knowledge of Early Mathematical Development and their Beliefs about Mathematics Teaching and Learning in the Preschool Classroom has been a monumental inspiration for this current study. However, this study goes beyond exploring teachers knowledge development and beliefs about Math by comparing knowledge development and beliefs of in-service preschool teachers and pre-service preschool teachers. It is presumed that the element of experience will play a significant role in either strengthening or modifying teachers knowledge and beliefs about Math in early childhood education.

Black Reparation: Social Justice through the visibility of the Black na

In American history, the people of color narrative have historically been invisible; the dominant discourse of American society has been predominantly white with Eurocentric emphasis. Thus, we see the silencing of the narrative of minority groups in American history. In his literature The Price of Reconciliation, Ronald Walters argues for a Black political agenda that includes reparations; he believes that the legacy of slavery has produced a domino effect that produces the oppression of Blacks till this day. Conservatives on the other hand disagree with Walter’s argument; they believe that reparation is unnecessary because America is now fair to Blacks. Furthermore, conservatives believe that Blacks should move on since slavery happened a long time ago. In order to understand Walter’s argument we must understand his claim that Blacks still suffer from the legacy of slavery. In addition, we must analyze his argument for Black reparation. To comprehend the impact of rep aration we must assess the effects of it in the Black community; thus we must analyze how reparation can both aid and hurt the Black community. By taking these steps, we look at the arguments about reparation with a critical eye. To understand Walter’s claim for reparation we must first understand his view on the effects of the legacy of slavery and its cascading effect on current Black oppression. According to Walters, slavery was a means of legitimizing Black subordination. He states that, â€Å"whites had to pretend that they [Blacks] were subhuman species unworthy to enjoy the privileges and responsibilities of free citizens in a free society (Walters, 84).† By the legitimization of slavery, whites are able to label Blacks as inferior creates undeserving of similar... ...ack reparation. Walter provides a viable justification for Black reparation. He believe that through the passage of Black reparation, the Black voice will finally be visible in American society. However, white conservative contest the idea of Black reparation as â€Å"opening up old wounds†; thus they advocate for the idea of â€Å"moving on.† In order to fully help the Black community, a viable alternative form of Black reparation must be achieved. Aiding Blacks with educational opportunities seems the most viable not because blacks are intellectually inferior but rather the education system in America is systematically racists; thus, it obstruct the success of many Blacks. As Walter suggest, reparation to Black should occur because it is the social responsibility of America to rectify its wrongdoing; thus with this argument, reparation becomes a form of social justice.

I Love Yous Are For White People

Reading your book brought to surface many of the occurrences in my life that I have found myself hiding from. You told my story seen through your eyes but from a deferent environment, I honestly thought I was alone In this world until I read your book.From moving from your home land, to being bullied and picked on for your accent, losing a friend through tragedy and having to meet new friends In a new world, from being physically and mentally abused by your father to molested by a family member, from ranking to numb the pain to Joining a gang/clack to feel at home and have a real family who cared, and finally occurrences to which I could have lost my life. Every story you told had a deeper meaning to me and my stories, you have helped me shine a light on the past which has held a strong grip on me for so long.Growing up in another country brought to light In my eyes the Importance of family, having respect for your elders, and to speak when spoken to along with not speaking out of tu rn. I grew up Belize with an abusive/ alcoholic father, in a way he was similar o what you described he was strict on me getting good grades and staying out of trouble: in any way I dishonored or disobeyed his orders he would be waiting my arrival home, his glare which literally made me weak in the knees and most of the time made me cry, but the various objects he would hold to give me my beatings never made me budge in a way; I was ready it was a routine.My mother I can say was in a way similar to the mother you described, she was always quiet and never intervened in anything my dad was involved in; she could never defend or protect e, she had to stay quiet, and had to make sure my father was satisfied whenever he was around. The phrase you used on chapter fourteen â€Å"l realized one thing- I am my father† really caught my attention. I found myself in life trying my hardest to run away from the thought of becoming my father not realizing that every action I participated in brought me closer to being him.At the age of eight I started stealing money from my parents and sneaking alcoholic beverages to drink so I could numb myself from my surroundings and the pain I was feeling, then it became worst as mime progressed. I don't usually talk about my best friend because it brings back painful memories and the feeling of hate and revenge, he was my big brother older than me by close to a year but he was too young to lose his life.I was eight when we loaned the family gang which Included friends and family members, at the age of 10 during a drug deal he was gunned down by a rival gang during their Initiation phase. Seeing my only brother lifeless In a coffin drove me to a dark place and I felt I had to do something about it. When I turned 10 years old my mother who feared for my life took me from my father and we left Belize to come to America; she wanted to give me a new start, a better life and a future to live for.In Tampa, Florida the elementary school m y mother enrolled me In I didn't feel alone the children were nice and friendly although I had my heavy Caribbean accent, then It changed when I graduated and went to a different middle school from the little bit of friend I had befriended the bullies and never was I picked on again; instead I was protected. My other received a better Job in a different location and I had to switch schools.The second middle school I was enrolled in became my worst nightmare; I was called names, physically picked on by the students and couldn't make friends, I was an outsider and found myself roaming the school yard alone. I became depressed, found myself eating away my pain, and started stealing drinks from my mother's wine bottles and from her boyfriend's liquor collection. I pleaded with my mom for a new change, as a result we moved to Long Beach, California after I graduated middle school; before arriving I swore to myself I would never stand for getting bullied ever again.In High school I starte d working out and turned all my fat into muscles and I also found myself getting in too much fights, about close to 70 in the first two years, then I switched schools to a predominated white upper-class high school in which I joined the wrestling team and took the varsity position at ass's my first year, ever since I moved to the new environment my life has changed. I am in college now pursuing a career in the Fire Service; I want to help people not cause harm to them.I never wanted to be a violent person, I was driven into it because at the time I felt there were no other possible solutions. Today I strongly believe the person I grew up to be does not shape my future, it's my choice; I can either stay and dwell in the past or move forward and strive for my future. You helped me enforce this idea and that's why I am grateful to have had the opportunity to read your novel â€Å"l Love Hoys Are For White People†.You can change the lives of many individuals Just by being able to elate, a lot of people feel they have to bottle up their emotions because no one out there would be able to relate and understand. I would and will recommend this novel for all my friends and family to read. I have come to witness that am still here in this world for a reason, I believe in the phrase you used and that is â€Å"Eve come across a couple of angels in my days here on earth†. I want to say thank you once again for speaking to me through your story and I really appreciate the words you wrote. Sincerely Clifford Usher